Zviri nyore kwazvo kuti vanhu vanzwisise simba rinoshanda, asi hazvisi nyore kunzwisisa zvakadzama simba risingabatsiri.Mudunhu re sinusoidal, pfungwa yesimba rinoshanda yakajeka, asi muhupo hwema harmonics, tsanangudzo yesimba rinoshanda haisi pachena.Nekudaro, iyo pfungwa ye reactive simba uye kukosha kwe reactive simba muripo anowirirana.Reactive simba rinofanirwa kusanganisira muripo weiyo basic reactive simba uye harmonic reactive simba.
Reactive simba rine kukosha kukuru kune magetsi ekupa system uye kurodha mashandiro.Iyo impedance yemagetsi system network zvikamu zvinonyanya inductive.Naizvozvo, kuitira kufambisa simba rinoshanda, mutsauko wechikamu unodiwa pakati peanotumira uye anogamuchira, anogona kuwanikwa pamusoro pehupamhi hwakakura.Kuti utumire reactive simba, pane mutsauko wenhamba pakati pema voltages kumagumo ese, ayo anogona kungoonekwa mukati meiyo nhete.Pamusoro pezvinhu zvakawanda zvetiweki zvinodya zvinoremerwa zvinoremerwa, mitoro yakawanda inodawo kushandisa mitoro inoshanda.Iyo reactive simba inodiwa netiweki zvikamu uye mitoro inofanirwa kuwanikwa kune imwe nzvimbo mune network.Zviripachena, aya masimba anoshanda ese anopihwa nemajenareta, uye zvekufambisa kureba hazvina musoro uye kazhinji hazvigoneke.Nzira ine musoro ndeyekugadzira reactive simba apo reactive simba rinoda kudyiwa, inova reactive simba muripo.
1. Zvinoreva reactive simba muripo
Muhurongwa hwekugovera magetsi, kuitira kuti uongorore kunaka kwemagetsi, kukosha kwemuripo wesimba reactive kune zvinhu zvitatu zvinotevera:
1. Kuti uderedze huwandu hwemichina yegridi uye kuwedzera michina inobuda
Pasi pemamiriro ekuti simba rinoshanda harishanduki, simba remagetsi remagetsi rinowedzera uye simba rinoshanda rinodererawo.Inogona kuoneka kubva kuformula S-√P2 + Q2 kuti simba richadzikira zvisingaite.Somuenzaniso, kana chikwata chekushandisa simba chichida 200kW magetsi, uye simba re 0.4, rinogona kuwanikwa kubva kuCOSφ=P/S, S=P/cosφ=500kV.A, kureva kuti, simba re transformer inoda 500kV.A i0.8, inongoda kuisa 250kV.A transformer.Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti sezvo simba coefficient rinowedzera, inodiwa midziyo simba inogona kuderedzwa maererano.
2. Kunyangwe iyo voltage uye frequency yenzvimbo yemagetsi iri pedyo nekugara.
(A) Kunyangwe iyo simba chinhu chiri pedyo ne1.
(b) Mune matatu-phase system, ingave iyo phase currents uye phase voltages yakaenzana.
Iko kushandiswa kweiyo reactive simba muripo wekuvandudza iyo simba chinhu haigone chete kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba kunokonzerwa neiyo reactive ikozvino kutapurirana, asiwo zvinobudirira kuvandudza uye kuwedzera voltage yevashandisi vekupedzisira, uye kugadzirisa hupfumi hwekushanda kwechigadzirwa chemagetsi.Naizvozvo, reactive simba muripo wagara uri chikamu chakakosha chemagetsi ekupa uye kugovera system.
3. Kuti uchengetedze mari yemagetsi
Zvinoenderana neazvino mutemo wemitero yemagetsi munyika yedu, vatengi vane vhoriyamu yemagetsi inodarika 100kV.A (kW) vanogadzirisa bhiri remagetsi, uye faindi kana bhiri remagetsi risingasviki kukosha kwakajairika.Reactive simba muripo wakavandudza simba remagetsi, kudzikisa kana kudzivirira kuwedzera kwemagetsi mabhiri nekuda kwekuderera simba chinhu, uye kuchengetedza magetsi mabhiri.
4. Kuti kuderedze mafaindi emakambani emagetsi
Nekuwedzera kukoshesa kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, makambani emagetsi zvishoma nezvishoma anodzora kutambisa simba kwemabhizinesi, saka makambani emagetsi akatemesa faindi yakawanda mune mamwe makambani.Kuti uderedze faindi dzemakambani emagetsi, makambani akatanga kuendesa macapacitor kubhadhara simba rinoshanda., Deredza simba rekushandisa.
5. Wedzera hupenyu hwebasa remidziyo
Panyaya yemutengo wekugadzira, kambani inofanirwa kuverenga kuderera kwechiyero chemidziyo kuverenga mutengo wekugadzira uye pakupedzisira kuona purofiti yegore negore yekambani.Nekudaro, midziyo yakawanda inofanirwa kusiiwa nekuda kwekupfeka kwakakomba kwemidziyo uye kubvaruka uye inowanzo shandisa kwemakore 3-5, chikamu chikuru chayo chiri nekuda kwesimba rinoita.Yakakwira, inotungamira kumidziyo yekuchembera, saka makambani mazhinji uye akawanda anotanga kubhadhara muripo capacitors kuti uwedzere hupenyu hwebasa remidziyo.
Chechipiri, basa reactive simba muripo
Basa reiyo reactive power compensation cabinet ndeyekupa iyo inodiwa reactive simba zvinoenderana neiyo reactive simba muripo wemidziyo kuburikidza ne reactive simba muripo.Simba rekupa nharaunda, kunatsiridza grid mhando.
Reactive power compensation cabinet inoita basa rakakosha mukupa magetsi.Kushandisa chigadziro chekubhadhara chinonzwisisika chinogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kwegetsi remagetsi.Kusiyana neizvi, kusarudzwa uye kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kunogona kukonzera zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana senge simba rekupa system, voltage fluctuation, uye harmonic kuwedzera.
Reactive simba rekubhadhara ndeye kushandisa yekunze ikozvino sosi kubhadhara reactive simba rinopedzwa nemutoro panguva yekushanda.Chishandiso chinopa ichi chazvino chinobva chava reactive simba muripo mudziyo.Iyo yakajairika muripo mudziyo ndeye parallel simba capacitor.
1. Kuvandudza magetsi emagetsi uye mutoro wesimba chinhu, kuderedza kukwanisa kwemidziyo, uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwemagetsi
2. Kuvandudza hutano hwemagetsi uye midziyo yekushanda mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuve nechokwadi chokuti midziyo inoshanda pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akajairika, ayo anobatsira kugadzirwa kwakachengeteka.
3. Chengetedza magetsi, kuderedza mari yekugadzira, uye kuderedza mabhiri emagetsi ebhizinesi.
4. Inogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemagetsi emutsara uye kuvandudza kushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi.
5. Gadzirisa magetsi ekuguma kwekugamuchira uye girasi remagetsi, uye uvandudze hutano hwemagetsi.Dynamic reactive power compensation Iro simba rekugadzirisa simba panzvimbo yakakodzera yetambo yakareba yekufambisa inogona kuvandudza kugadzikana kwemaitiro ekufambisa uye kuwedzera simba rekufambisa.
6. Mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kukwana-matatu-nhanho mitoro yakadai senjanji yemagetsi, mitoro inobudirira uye isingabatsiri yezvikamu zvitatu inogona kuenzaniswa nekubhadhara kwakakodzera kusingabatsiri.
3. The musimboti reactive simba muripo
Batanidza mudziyo une capacitive yemagetsi mutoro uye inductive yemagetsi mutoro padunhu rimwe chete, inductive mutoro unotora simba kana capacitive mutoro unoburitsa simba, uye capacitive mutoro unotora simba kana inductive mutoro unoburitsa simba, uye simba rinogovaniswa pakati pe mitoro miviri kuchinjanisa pakati.Nenzira iyi, musimboti wekugadzirisa muripo ndewekuti reactive simba rinobatwa ne inductive load inobhadharwa ne reactive simba rinobuda ne capacitive load.
Mune chaiyo simba system, mizhinji mitoro ndeye asynchronous motors, uye yakaenzana dunhu remizhinji michina yemagetsi inosanganisira asynchronous motors inogona kutorwa sedunhu umo kuramba r uye inductance l zvakabatanidzwa munhevedzano, uye simba rayo chinhu
Muchidimbu
Mushure mekubatanidza maR uye L maseketi mukufanana uye wozoabatanidza kune capacitor C, dunhu rinoratidzwa mumufananidzo (a) pazasi.Ikozvino equation yedunhu iri ndeiyi:
Inogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo wephasor mumufananidzo uri pasi apa kuti mutsauko wepakati pakati pevheti U uye ikozvino I inova diki mushure mokunge capacitor yabatanidzwa mukufanana, ndiko kuti, simba remagetsi emagetsi emagetsi anowedzera.Panguva ino, chikamu chekugovera ikozvino ini chinosara kumashure kwevoltage U, iyo inonzi undercompensation.
Iyo yedunhu uye phasor dhayagiramu ye parallel capacitance compensation reactive simba mumufananidzo
(a) matunhu;
(b) Phasor diagram (yakaderera);
(c) Phasor dhayagiramu (kuwedzeredza)
Iyo capacitance ye capacitor c yakakura kwazvo, uye chikamu chekudya ikozvino I inodarika voltage u, iyo inonzi overcompensation, uye dhizaini yayo yephasor inoratidzwa muFigure (c).Kazhinji, iyo mamiriro ekusadiwa overcompensation achaita kuti yechipiri voltage yetransformer isimuke, uye iyo capacitive reactive simba inozowedzera kurasikirwa kwemagetsi sekunge tambo yemagetsi yekufambisa.Kana iyo voltage yetambo yemagetsi ichikwira, kurasikirwa kwesimba kwe capacitor pachayo kuchawedzerawo, uye kukwira kwekushisa kuchawedzera., ichakanganisa hupenyu hwe capacitor.
4. Nei tichifanira kuwedzera muripo wesimba reactive, uye zvinounza chii?
Huwandu hwekudzoreredzwa kwesimba remagetsi hunowedzera pane imwe nzvimbo mugedhi remagetsi, uye kuyerera kwesimba kwese kwese kwekubatanidza mitsara uye mashanduri kubva panguva ino kusvika kune magetsi kunoderera, uye kurasikirwa kwemagetsi kwakabatana nenzvimbo ino kunoderera, nekuona kuponesa kwesimba uye. kuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi.
Reactive simba muripo anoda pakati pepakati pezvakaenzana nehupfumi zvisina kufanira.Sarudza nzvimbo yekubhadhara uye kukwanisa kubhadhara.Uchishandisa simba remagetsi, vatengi vanogona kuita reactive simba muripo zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekuvandudza simba chinhu.Kugoverwa kwemuripo kunotanga kutarisisa zvinodikanwa zvevoltage regulation kuita kusashanda kwekufambisa daro refu kusashanda.Muripo Kugadziriswa kwemidziyo inorongwa maererano nemusimboti we "level compensation, local balance" kuti uone kuti kune mitoro isingaite.
Reactive simba rekubhadhara kazhinji haadi kuwedzeredza, nekuti ichawedzera yechipiri voltage yetransformer, uye kugona kweiyo reactive simba rekufambisa patambo yemagetsi kuchawedzerawo kurasikirwa kwemagetsi, ndiko kuti, magetsi emagetsi anodzosera simba rinoshanda. grid.Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anonyanya kukonzerwa nesimba rekuita remagetsi emagetsi.Iyo overvoltage inokonzerwa nekuwanda inogona kukonzera overvoltage kukuvadza kune grid, saka zvinodikanwa kuisa reactor kuti itore reactive simba.Musimba remagetsi, kana isina kuenzana, iyo voltage yehurongwa inodonha, uye mumatambudziko akakomba, michina ichakuvadzwa uye iyo system ichabviswa.Panguva imwecheteyo, kudzikira kwetiweki simba chinhu uye voltage kunotungamirira mukusakwanisa kwemidziyo yemagetsi kushandiswa zvizere, kudzikira kwesimba rekutapurirana netiweki, uye kuwedzera kwekurasikirwa.Naizvozvo, zvakakosha zvikuru kuvandudza mhando yemagetsi ekushanda, kuvandudza simba remagetsi, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwehurongwa, nekuvandudza kushanda kwesimba rekupa magetsi.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-13-2023